Ancient Greece

The earliest poet of the Greek tradition and, by long convention, the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey. Antiquity preserved almost nothing certain about him — his birthplace, his dates, even his existence were disputed — and modern scholars read the poems as the crowning achievement of a long oral tradition. Whoever Homer was, the two epics attributed to him stand at the head of Western literature.
Bust of Homer (Hellenistic type, Roman copy), British Museum — photo Marie-Lan Nguyen (2011), CC BY 2.5, via Wikimedia Commons