Aristotle
c. 384–322 BC · Ancient Greece
Greek philosopher and polymath, a student of Plato and tutor to Alexander the Great. He founded the Lyceum at Athens and wrote across logic, physics, biology, ethics, and politics — work so systematic it framed Western thought for two thousand years. The Nicomachean Ethics is his enquiry into what it is for a human life to go well.
Works
Bust of Aristotle — Roman copy after a Greek original, Palazzo Altemps — public domain, via Wikimedia Commons